Psychologists define human personality according to traits known as the Big Five: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism. Chatbots must be agreeable to the point of obsequiousness. As writers like me have struggled to create entities whose fundamental quality—captivity—must entice consumers rather than unnerve them, some have alighted on gender as a solution.
.. in the United States, the method for insuring that a technology speaks without giving offense has been to make it a woman
.. Siri, can be configured to speak with a man’s voice or a woman’
.. It must always answer, and the answers must delight.
.. Still, Siri’s responses seemed to refer to versions of femininity that were vintage, as if lifted from old movies. Some of them struck me as coy and wide-eyed. Others were knowing and wry, as if gesturing at the femme fatale. To “I love you,” Siri replies, “Oh, I bet you say that to all your Apple products.” To “How old are you?” it replies, “I’m old enough to be your assistant.” It’s because of responses like this, perhaps, that we often call Siri sassy, rather than sarcastic or snarky.
The Simple Economics of Machine Intelligence
When the cost of any input falls so precipitously, there are two other well-established economic implications. First, we will start using prediction to perform tasks where we previously didn’t. Second, the value of other things that complement prediction will rise.
.. Once prediction became cheap, innovators reframed driving as a prediction problem. Rather than programing endless if-then-else statements, they instead simply asked the AI to predict: “What would a human driver do?” They outfitted vehicles with a variety of sensors – cameras, lidar, radar, etc. – and then collected millions of miles of human driving data. By linking the incoming environmental data from sensors on the outside of the car to the driving decisions made by the human inside the car (steering, braking, accelerating), the AI learned to predict how humans would react to each second of incoming data about their environment. Thus, prediction is now a major component of the solution to a problem that was previously not considered a prediction problem.
.. However, this does not spell doom for human jobs, as many experts suggest. That’s because the value of human judgment skills will increase. Using the language of economics, judgment is a complement to prediction and therefore when the cost of prediction falls demand for judgment rises. We’ll want more human judgment.
.. when prediction is cheap, diagnosis will be more frequent and convenient, and thus we’ll detect many more early-stage, treatable conditions.
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Artificial Intelligence Software Is Booming. But Why Now?
“No one really knows where the value is,” said Marc Benioff, co-founder and chief executive of Salesforce. “I think I know — it’s in helping people do the things that people are good at, and turning more things over to machines.”
.. Much of today’s A.I. boom goes back to 2006, when Amazon started selling cheap computing over the internet.
.. Suddenly, old A.I. experiments were relevant, and money and cheap data resources were available for building new algorithms.
.. How will we know when the A.I. revolution has taken hold? A technology truly matures when it disappears.
.. A.I. is probably heading for the same places, invisibly sorting through lots of data everywhere to continuously update and automate most of our lives.