String similarity — the basic know your algorithms guide!

References

[1] Levenshtein Distance, in Three Flavors — by Michael Gilleland, Merriam Park Software
[2] Hamming distance
[3] Jaro-Winkler
[4] Jaccard Index
[5] Dice coefficients
[6] Pattern matching — Gestalt approach (Ratcliff-Obershelp similarity)
[7] textdistance — python package